Jeffrey Leek
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Webscraping: Programatically extracting data from the HTML code of websites.
con = url("http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&hl=en")
htmlCode = readLines(con)
close(con)
htmlCode
[1] "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Jeff Leek - Google Scholar Citations</title><meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noarchive\"><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1\"><meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=Edge\"><meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no\"><link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&hl=en\"><style type=\"text/css\" media=\"screen, projection\">html,body,form,table,div,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,img,ol,ul,li,button{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-width:0;empty-cells:show;}#gs_top{position:relative;min-width:964px;_width:expression(document.documentElement.clientWidth<966?\"964px\":\"auto\");-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);}#gs_top>*:not(#x){-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(204,204,204,.5);}.gs_el_ph #gs_top,.gs_el_ta #gs_top{min-width:300px;_width:expression(document.documentElement.clientWidth<302?\"300px\":\"auto\");}body,td{font-size:13px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.24}body{background:#fff;color:#222;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-text-size-adjust:none;}.gs_gray{color:#777777}.gs_red{color:#dd4b39}.gs_grn{color:#3d9400}.gs_lil{font-size:11px}.gs_med{font-size:16px}.gs_hlt{font-weight:bold;}a:link,a:visited{color:#1155cc;text-decoration:none}a:hover,a:active,a:hover .gs_lbl,a:active .gs_lbl,a .gs_lbl:active{text-decoration:underline;outline:none;}a:active,a:active .gs_lbl,a .gs_lbl:active{color:#d14836}a:visited{color:#6611cc}.gs_a,.gs_a a:link,.gs_a a:visited{color:#009933}.gs_a a:active{color:#d14836}a.gs_fl:link,.gs_fl a:link{color:#1155cc}a.gs_fl:visited,.gs_fl a:visited{color:#6611cc}a.gs_fl:active,.gs_fl a:active{color:#d14836}.gs_fl{color:#767676}.gs_ctc,.gs_ctu{font-size:11px;font-weight:bold}.gs_ctc{color:#1122cc}.gs_ctg,.gs_ctg2{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold}.gs_ctg{color:#1155cc}a.gs_pda,.gs_pda a{padding:7px 0 5px 0}a:hover{*background-position:0 0}a:active{*background-attachment:fixed}a.gs_ico:active{*background-attachment:scroll}.gs_alrt{background:#f9edbe;border:1px solid #f0c36d;padding:0 16px;text-align:center;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);-webkit-border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;}.gs_spc{display:inline-block;width:12px}.gs_br{width:0;font-size:0}.gs_ibl{display:inline-block;*display:inline;zoom:1;}.gs_scl{*zoom:1}.gs_scl:after{content:\"\";display:table;clear:both;}.gs_ind{padding-left:8px;text-indent:-8px}.gs_ico{display:inline-block;background:no-repeat url(/intl/en/scholar/images/sprite.png);_background-image:url(/intl/en/scholar/images/sprite.gif);width:21px;height:21px;font-size:0;}.gs_el_ta .gs_nta,.gs_ota,.gs_el_ph .gs_nph,.gs_oph{display:none}.gs_el_ta .gs_ota,.gs_el_ph .gs_oph{display:inline}.gs_el_ta div.gs_ota,.gs_el_ph div.gs_oph{display:block}#gs_ftr{width:650px;margin-top:1em;text-align:center;clear:both;}.gs_el_ta #gs_ftr,.gs_el_ph #gs_ftr{width:auto;max-width:600px;_width:expression(document.documentElement.clientWidth>616?\"600px\":\"auto\");}#gs_ftr a{display:inline-block;margin:0 12px;line-height:29px;}#gs_ftr a:link,#gs_ftr a:visited{color:#1155cc}#gs_ftr a:active{color:#d14836}button{position:relative; z-index:1; -moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;cursor:default;height:29px;min-width:72px;_width:72px;overflow:visible;color:#444;border:1px solid #dcdcdc;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);-webkit-border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;text-align:center;background-color:#f5f5f5;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f5f5f5),to(#f1f1f1));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f5f5f5,#f1f1f1);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#f5f5f5,#f1f1f1);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f5f5f5,#f1f1f1);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f5f5f5,#f1f1f1);-webkit-transition:all .218s;-moz-transition:all .218s;-o-transition:all .218s;transition:all .218s;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}button .gs_wr{line-height:27px;_line-height:24px;}button .gs_bg{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;*display:none;z-index:-1;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#f5f5f5',endColorstr='#f1f1f1');}button.gs_btn_mini{min-width:26px;_width:26px;height:26px;}.gs_btn_mini .gs_wr{line-height:24px;_line-height:21px;}button:hover,button.gs_hvr{z-index:2;color:#222;border:1px solid #c6c6c6;-webkit-box-shadow:0px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-moz-box-shadow:0px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-shadow:0px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);background-color:#f8f8f8;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f8f8f8),to(#f1f1f1));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f8f8f8,#f1f1f1);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#f8f8f8,#f1f1f1);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f8f8f8,#f1f1f1);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f8f8f8,#f1f1f1);-webkit-transition:all 0s;-moz-transition:all 0s;-o-transition:all 0s;transition:all 0s;}button:hover .gs_bg,button.gs_hvr .gs_bg{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#f8f8f8',EndColorStr='#f1f1f1');}button.gs_sel{color:#333;border:1px solid #ccc;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);background-color:#e8e8e8;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#eee),to(#e0e0e0));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#eee,#e0e0e0);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#eee,#e0e0e0);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#eee,#e0e0e0);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#eee,#e0e0e0);}button.gs_sel .gs_bg{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#eeeeee',EndColorStr='#e0e0e0');}button:active,button.gs_act{z-index:2;color:#333;background-color:#f6f6f6;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f6f6f6),to(#f1f1f1));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f6f6f6,#f1f1f1);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#f6f6f6,#f1f1f1);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f6f6f6,#f1f1f1);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f6f6f6,#f1f1f1);-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-moz-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);}button:active .gs_bg,button.gs_act .gs_bg{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorStr='#f6f6f6',EndColorStr='#f1f1f1');}button:focus,button.gs_fcs{z-index:2;outline:none;border:1px solid #4d90fe;}button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}button .gs_lbl{padding:0px 8px;}a.gs_in_ib{position:relative;display:inline-block;line-height:16px;padding:5px 0 6px 0;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}a.gs_btn_mini{height:24px;line-height:24px;padding:0;}a .gs_lbl,button .gs_lbl{vertical-align:baseline;}a.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl{display:inline-block;padding-left:21px}button.gs_in_ib .gs_lbl{padding-left:29px;}button.gs_btn_mini .gs_lbl,button.gs_btn_eml .gs_lbl{padding:11px;}.gs_in_ib .gs_ico{position:absolute;top:2px;*top:3px;left:8px;}.gs_btn_mini .gs_ico{top:1px;*top:2px;left:2px;}.gs_btn_eml .gs_ico{left:25px}button.gs_btn_mini,.gs_btn_eml{_font-size:0}a.gs_in_ib .gs_ico{top:3px;left:0}a.gs_in_ib-gs_md_li .gs_ico{left:14px}.gs_el_tc a.gs_in_ib-gs_md_li .gs_ico{top:11px}a.gs_btn_mini .gs_ico{top:1px;left:0}button.gs_btn_act{color:#fff;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;border:1px solid #3079ed;background-color:#4d90fe;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d90fe),to(#4787ed));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#4787ed);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#4787ed);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#4787ed);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d90fe,#4787ed);}button.gs_btn_act .gs_bg{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#4d90fe',endColorstr='#4787ed');}button.gs_btn_act:hover,button.gs_btn_act-gs_hvr{color:#fff;border:1px solid #2f5bb7;background-color:#357ae8;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d90fe),to(#357ae8));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#357ae8);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#357ae8);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#357ae8);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d90fe,#357ae8);-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-moz-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);}button.gs_btn_act:hover .gs_bg,button.gs_btn_act-gs_hvr .gs_bg{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#4d90fe',endColorstr='#357ae8');}button.gs_btnG{width:70px;min-width:0;}button.gs_btn_act:focus{-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);}button.gs_btn_act:focus,button.gs_btn_act-gs_fcs{border-color:#404040;}button.gs_btn_act:active,button.gs_btn_act-gs_act{border:1px solid #315da3;background-color:#2f6de1;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#4d90fe),to(#2f6de1));background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#2f6de1);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#2f6de1);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#4d90fe,#2f6de1);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#4d90fe,#2f6de1);}button.gs_btn_act:active .gs_bg,button.gs_btn_act-gs_act .gs_bg{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#4d90fe',endColorstr='#2f6de1');}button.gs_btn_act:active{-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);}.gs_ttp{position:absolute;top:100%;right:50%;z-index:10;pointer-events:none;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;-webkit-transition:visibility 0s .13s,opacity .13s ease-out;-moz-transition:visibility 0s .13s,opacity .13s ease-out;-o-transition:visibility 0s .13s,opacity .13s ease-out;transition:visibility 0s .13s,opacity .13s ease-out;}button:hover .gs_ttp,button.gs_hvr .gs_ttp,button:focus .gs_ttp,button.gs_fcs .gs_ttp,a:hover .gs_ttp,a:focus .gs_ttp{-webkit-transition:visibility 0s .3s,opacity .13s ease-in .3s;-moz-transition:visibility 0s .3s,opacity .13s ease-in .3s;-o-transition:visibility 0s .3s,opacity .13s ease-in .3s;transition:visibility 0s .3s,opacity .13s ease-in .3s;visibility:visible;opacity:1;}.gs_ttp .gs_aro,.gs_ttp .gs_aru{position:absolute;top:-2px;right:-5px;width:0;height:0;line-height:0;font-size:0;border:5px solid transparent;_border:5px solid #f5f5f5;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:#2a2a2a;z-index:1;}.gs_ttp .gs_aro{top:-3px;right:-6px;border-width:6px;border-top:none;border-bottom-color:white;}.gs_ttp .gs_txt{display:block;position:relative;top:2px;right:-50%;padding:7px 9px;background:#2a2a2a;color:white;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;line-height:normal;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid white;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);}.gs_in_se,.gs_tan{-ms-touch-action:none;touch-action:none;}.gs_in_se .gs_lbl{padding-left:8px;padding-right:22px;}.gs_in_se .gs_ico{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;width:7px;height:11px;margin:0;background-position:-63px -115px;}a.gs_in_se .gs_ico{background-position:-100px -26px;}.gs_in_se:hover .gs_ico,.gs_in_se-gs_hvr .gs_ico,a.gs_in_se-gs_hvr .gs_ico{background-position:-166px -110px;}.gs_in_se:active .gs_ico,.gs_in_se .gs_ico:active,.gs_in_se.gs_in_se-gs_act .gs_ico{background-position:-89px -26px;}.gs_in_se :active~.gs_ico{background-position:-89px -26px;}.gs_btn_mnu .gs_ico{height:7px;background-position:-63px -119px;}.gs_btn_mnu:hover .gs_ico,.gs_btn_mnu-gs_hvr .gs_ico{background-position:-166px -114px;}.gs_btn_mnu:active .gs_ico,.gs_btn_mnu .gs_ico:active,.gs_btn_mnu.gs_btn_mnu-gs_act .gs_ico{background-position:-89px -30px;}.gs_btn_mnu :active~.gs_ico{background-position:-89px -30px;}.gs_md_se,.gs_md_wn,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wp{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;border:1px solid #ccc;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2);background:white;-webkit-box-shadow:0px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);-moz-box-shadow:0px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);box-shadow:0px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);z-index:1100; display:none;opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .13s;-moz-transition:opacity .13s;-o-transition:opacity .13s;transition:opacity .13s;}.gs_md_se.gs_vis,.gs_md_wn.gs_vis,.gs_el_ph .gs_md_wp.gs_vis{opacity:1;-webkit-transition:all 0s;-moz-transition:all 0s;-o-transition:all 0s;transition:all 0s;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_se,.gs_el_tc .gs_md_wn,.gs_el_ph.gs_el_tc .gs_md_wp{-webkit-transform-origin:100% 0;-moz-transform-origin:100% 0;-o-transform-origin:100% 0;transform-origin:100% 0;-webkit-transform:scale(1,0);-moz-transform:scale(1,0);-o-transform:scale(1,0);transform:scale(1,0);-webkit-transition:opacity .218s ease-out,-webkit-transform 0s .218s;-moz-transition:opacity .218s ease-out,-moz-transform: 0s .218s;-o-transition:opacity .218s ease-out,-o-transform: 0s .218s;transition:opacity .218s ease-out,transform 0s .218s;}.gs_el_ios .gs_md_se,.gs_el_ios .gs_md_wn,.gs_el_ph.gs_el_ios .gs_md_wp{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_wn.gs_ttss,.gs_el_ph.gs_el_tc .gs_md_wp.gs_ttss{-webkit-transform:scale(0,1);-moz-transform:scale(0,1);-o-transform:scale(0,1);transform:scale(0,1);}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_wn.gs_ttzi,.gs_el_ph.gs_el_tc .gs_md_wp.gs_ttzi{-webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%;-moz-transform-origin:50% 50%;-o-transform-origin:50% 50%;transform-origin:50% 50%;-webkit-transform:scale(0,0);-moz-transform:scale(0,0);-o-transform:scale(0,0);transform:scale(0,0);}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_se.gs_vis,.gs_el_tc .gs_md_wn.gs_vis,.gs_el_ph.gs_el_tc .gs_md_wp.gs_vis{-webkit-transform:scale(1,1);-moz-transform:scale(1,1);-o-transform:scale(1,1);transform:scale(1,1);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .218s ease-out;-moz-transition:-moz-transform .218s ease-out;-o-transition:-o-transform .218s ease-out;transition:transform .218s ease-out;}.gs_md_se{white-space:nowrap}.gs_md_se ul{list-style-type:none;word-wrap:break-word;display:inline-block;*display:inline;zoom:1;vertical-align:top;}.gs_md_se li,.gs_md_li,.gs_md_li:link,.gs_md_li:visited{display:block;padding:6px 44px 6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#222;cursor:default;text-decoration:none;background:white;-moz-transition:background .13s;-o-transition:background .13s;-webkit-transition:background .13s;transition:background .13s;}a.gs_md_li:hover .gs_lbl,a.gs_md_li:active .gs_lbl{text-decoration:none}.gs_el_tc .gs_md_se li,.gs_el_tc .gs_md_li{padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:10px;}.gs_md_se li:hover,.gs_md_se li.gs_hvr,.gs_md_se li.gs_fcs,.gs_md_li:hover,.gs_md_li:focus,.gs_md_li-gs_fcs:link,.gs_md_li-gs_fcs:visited{background:#f1f1f1;-moz-transition:background 0s;-o-transition:background 0s;-webkit-transition:background 0s;transition:background 0s;}.gs_md_se li.gs_sel{color:#dd4b39}.gs_md_wn:focus,.gs_md_se li:focus,.gs_md_li:focus{outline:none}button.gs_btnG .gs_ico{width:14px;height:13px;top:7px;left:27px;background-position:-152px -68px;_background:transparent;_filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/intl/en/scholar/images/sprite/search-shared.png');}p,dl,dt,dd,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,fieldset{margin:0;padding:0;border:0}body {font-size:62.5%;color:#000;}#gs_top {padding:3px 8px;min-width:none;width:auto}a:link,a:visited {color:#00c;}a:active {color:red}ul {padding:0 0 1em 1em}ol {padding:0 0 1em 1.3em}li {line-height:1.5em;padding:0 0 .5em 0}p {padding:0 0 1em 0}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5 {padding:0 0 1em 0}h1,h2 {font-size:1.3em}h3 {font-size:1.1em}h4,h5,table {font-size:1em}sup,sub {font-size:.7em}input,select,textarea,option{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.g-doc,.g-doc-1024,.g-doc-800 {font-size:130%}.g-doc {width:100%;text-align:left}.g-section:after {content:\".\";display:block;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}.g-unit .g-section:after {clear:none}.g-unit .g-section {width:100%;overflow:hidden}.g-section,.g-unit {zoom:1}.g-split .g-unit {text-align:right}.g-split .g-first {text-align:left}.g-tpl-50-50 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-tpl-50-50 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-50-50 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-50-50 .g-unit {width:49.999%;float:right;display:inline;margin:0}.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-50-50 .g-first,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-50-50 .g-first,.g-unit .g-tpl-50-50 .g-first,.g-tpl-50-50 .g-first {width:49.999%;float:left;display:inline;margin:0}.g-tpl-50-50-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-tpl-50-50-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-50-50-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-50-50-alt .g-unit {width:49.999%;float:left;display:inline;margin:0}.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-50-50-alt .g-first,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-50-50-alt .g-first,.g-unit .g-tpl-50-50-alt .g-first,.g-tpl-50-50-alt .g-first {width:49.999%;float:right;display:inline;margin:0}.g-tpl-nest .g-unit,.g-unit .g-tpl-nest .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-nest .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-nest .g-unit {float:left;width:auto;display:inline;margin:0}.g-tpl-nest-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-tpl-nest-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-nest-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-nest-alt .g-unit {float:right;width:auto;display:inline;margin:0}.g-doc-1024 {width:73.074em;_width:950px;min-width:950px;margin:0 auto;text-align:left}.cit-bluegray, .cit-bluegray:visited {color: #77c;}.cit-gray {color: #666;}table.cit-bodytable {width: 100%;}td.cit-contentcell {vertical-align: top;}.cit-body b {background:#9fd9a7;display:block;height:1px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 2px;font-size:1px;line-height:1px;}.cit-body i {background:#9fd9a7;display:block;height:1px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 1px;font-size:1px;line-height:1px;}.cit-messagebox {text-align: center;}.cit-messagebox b {background: #fff1a8;display:block;height:1px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 2px;font-size:1px;line-height:1px;}.cit-messagebox i {background: #fff1a8;display:block;height:1px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 1px;font-size:1px;line-height:1px;}.cit-messagebox a {color: #00c;}.cit-messagebox.reqfield {text-align: left;padding: 0 0 0 0;color: #000;}.cit-messagebox table {display: inline;text-align: center;}.cit-messagebox div#message_text {background: #fff1a8;padding: 0.1em 0.5em;font-weight: bold;}.cit-actionbar {background: #9fd9a7;padding: 0.3em 0.6em;}.cit-actionbar.pagination {padding: 0 0 0 0;float: right;}.cit-fieldrows {padding-top: 0.5em;}.g-tpl-200 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-tpl-200 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-200 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-200 .g-unit {display: block;margin: 0 0 0 200px;width: auto;float: none;}.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-200 .g-first,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-200 .g-first,.g-unit .g-tpl-200 .g-first,.g-tpl-200 .g-first {display: block;margin: 0;width: 200px;float: left;}.cit-near-box {background-color: #FFC;position: absolute;z-index: 1;/* more padding on right makes \"close window\" img prettier */padding: 5px 20px 5px 5px;border: 1px solid #CCC;}/* rounded corner outside */div.cit-rco {display:block;height:1px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 2px;font-size:1px;line-height:1px;}/* rounded corner inside */div.cit-rci {display:block;height:1px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 1px;font-size:1px;line-height:1px;}/* light blue background */.cit-lbb {background-color:#E8F4F7;}/* dark green background */.cit-dgb {background-color:#9FD9A7;}/* light green background */.cit-lgb {background-color:#DCF6DB;}.cit-dark-link {text-decoration: none;}.cit-light-link,.cit-light-link:visited {text-decoration: none;color: #4272db;}.cit-bg-link,.cit-bg-link:visited {text-decoration: none;color: #77c;}.cit-dark-large-link {font-size: 120%;text-decoration: none;}.cit-lclgs {padding-left: 1em;padding-top: 0.33em;padding-bottom: 0.33em;border-right: 2px solid #9fd9a7;}.cit-lclgsr {float: right;padding-right: 1em;}.cit-lclgsc {margin-top: 0.6em;float: left;}.cit-scdel {margin-top: 0.6em;margin-bottom: 0.6em;}/* Used for profile photo and name/affiliation */.g-tpl-150 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-tpl-150 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-150 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-150 .g-unit {display: block;margin: 0 0 0 150px;width: auto;float: none;}.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-150 .g-first,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-150 .g-first,.g-unit .g-tpl-150 .g-first,.g-tpl-150 .g-first {display: block;margin: 0;width: 150px;float: left;}.g-tpl-100 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-tpl-100 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-100 .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-100 .g-unit {display: block;margin: 0 0 0 100px;width: auto;float: none;}.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-100 .g-first,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-100 .g-first,.g-unit .g-tpl-100 .g-first, .g-tpl-100 .g-first {display: block;margin: 0;width: 100px;float: left;}.cit-photo-placeholder {text-align: center;}.cit-photo {padding: 1px;border: solid #9fd9a7 1px;vertical-align: top;}.cit-definition {font-size: 1em;padding: 1em;}.cit-definition.emphasis {font-style: italic;}/* BEGIN used for in-place editing */#cit-name-display,#cit-name-input {font-size: 32px;}#cit-name-input {background-color: #FFFFCC;}#cit-affiliation-input,#cit-int-input,#cit-domain-input,#cit-homepage-input {background-color: #FFFFCC;font-size: 120%}#cit-affiliation-display,#cit-int-display,#cit-domain-display,#cit-publish-display,#cit-homepage-display {font-size: 120%;}#cit-name-input {width: 10em;}#cit-affiliation-input,#cit-int-input,#cit-domain-input,#cit-homepage-input {width: 25em;}.cit-in-place-hover {background-color: #FFC;border: 1px solid #CCC;}.cit-in-place-nohover {background-color: auto;border: 1px solid white;}.cit-inplaceaction, cit-inplaceaction:visited {font-size: 0.85em;text-decoration: none;color: #4272db;}.cit-inplaceform {padding: 1px;}/* END used for in-place editing */.cit-user-info {margin-top: 8px;}/* 250px alt *//* Right-column on myworks page. */.g-tpl-250-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-tpl-250-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-250-alt .g-unit,.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-250-alt .g-unit {margin: 0 250px 0 0;width: auto;float: none;}.g-unit .g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-250-alt .g-first,.g-unit .g-unit .g-tpl-250-alt .g-first,.g-unit .g-tpl-250-alt .g-first,.g-tpl-250-alt .g-first {margin: 0;width: 250px;float: right;}.cit-table {width: 100%;}.cit-table.header {background: #dcf6db;}.cit-table.header td {padding-top: 0.3em;padding-bottom: 0.3em;border-top: 1px solid #AAA;}.cit-table.item {background: #e8f4f7;}.cit-table.item td {padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em 0;}.cit-table.item td#col-year a {text-decoration: none;color: black;}#col-select,#col-citelink,#col-title,#col-citedby,#col-asterisk,#col-year,#col-choose {border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA;}#col-citedby {text-align:right;width:60px;}#col-year {text-align:center;width:50px;}#col-select {padding-right: 0;}#col-citelink {width: 4em;padding-right: 1em;}#col-title {padding-left: 0.5em;}table#stats {border-color: #aaa;border-width: 0 0 1px 1px;border-style: solid;margin: auto;}table#stats tr td {border-color: #aaa;border-width: 1px 1px 0 0;border-style: solid;padding: 0.2em 0.2em;}table#stats tr td.cit-caption {text-align: left;}table#stats tr.cit-headerrow td,table#stats tr td.cit-data {text-align: center;}</style><script type=\"text/javascript\">function citGetById(id) {return document.getElementById(id);}function citHide(id) {var elem = citGetById(id);if (!elem) return;elem.style.display = \"none\";return false;}function citShow(id, type) {var elem = citGetById(id);if (!elem) return;elem.style.display = type;return false;}function citSubmit(id) {var form = citGetById(id);if (form) form.submit();return false;}function citFocus(id) {var elem = citGetById(id);if (!elem) return;elem.focus();return false;}function citGo(url) {window.location = url;}function citOnActionsSelect(id, add_url, list_trash_url,list_updates_url) {var select = citGetById(id);if (!select) {return;}if (select.value == \"add_opt\") {citGo(add_url);} else if (select.value == \"list_trash_opt\") {citGo(list_trash_url);} else if (select.value == \"list_updates_opt\") {citGo(list_updates_url);} else {citSubmit(\"citationsForm\");}}function citToggleElem(id, displaytype) {var elem = citGetById(id);if (!elem) return;if (elem.style.display == displaytype) {elem.style.display = \"none\";} else {elem.style.display = displaytype;}return false;}function citClearTextHint(id, hint) {var elem = citGetById(id);if (!elem) return;if (elem.style.color == \"gray\" && elem.value == hint) {elem.value = \"\";elem.style.color = \"black\";} else if (elem.style.color == \"gray\" && elem.value != hint) {elem.style.color = \"black\";}return false;}function citSetTextHint(id, hint) {var elem = citGetById(id);if (!elem) return;if (elem.style.color == \"black\" && elem.value == \"\") {elem.value = hint;elem.style.color = \"gray\";}return false;}function citShowNearBox(near_me, message, vurl, vtext, hurl, htext) {var box = citGetById(\"cit-near-box\");if (!box) {box = document.createElement(\"div\");box.setAttribute(\"id\", \"cit-near-box\");box.setAttribute(\"class\", \"cit-near-box\");near_me.parentNode.appendChild(box);}box.innerHTML = message + \" (<a href=\\\"\" + vurl + \"\\\">\" + vtext + \"</a> - <a href=\\\"\" + hurl + \"\\\">\" + htext + \"</a>) <img onclick=\\\"citHideNearBox()\\\" style=\\\"position: absolute; top:2px; right: 2px;\\\" src=\\\"/citations/images/remove.gif\\\"/>\";box.style.display = \"block\";}function citHideNearBox() {var box = citGetById(\"cit-near-box\");if (box) {box.style.display = \"none\";box.parentNode.removeChild(box);}}function citToggleNearBox(near_me, message, vurl, vtext, hurl, htext) {var box = citGetById(\"cit-near-box\");if (box &&box.style.display == \"block\" &&near_me.parentNode == box.parentNode) {citHideNearBox();} else {citHideNearBox();citShowNearBox(near_me, message, vurl, vtext, hurl, htext);}}function citMessageDisplay(msgBox, display) {if (!msgBox) return;try {msgBox.style.visibility = display;} catch (ex) {msgBox.setAttribute(\"style\", \"visibility: \" + display);}}function citSelectAll() {var form = citGetById(\"citationsForm\");for (var i = 0; i < form.elements.length; i++) {if (form.elements[i].type != \"checkbox\") continue;form.elements[i].checked = true;}}function citSelectNone() {var form = citGetById(\"citationsForm\");for (var i = 0; i < form.elements.length; i++) {if (form.elements[i].type != \"checkbox\") continue;form.elements[i].checked = false;}}function citInPlaceMouseOver(field) {citGetById(\"cit-\" + field + \"-display\").className = \"cit-in-place-hover\";}function citInPlaceMouseOut(field) {citGetById(\"cit-\" + field + \"-display\").className = \"cit-in-place-nohover\";}function citInPlaceResetAndEdit(field) {citInPlaceReset(field);citInPlaceEdit(field);}function citGetTextContent(id) {var elem = citGetById(id);if (!elem) return \"\";if (elem.innerText != undefined) {/* IE, Safari, Chrome, Opera */return elem.innerText;} else if (elem.textContent) {/* IE9, Firefox, Safari, Chrome, Opera */return elem.textContent;}return \"\";}function citInPlaceReset(field) {/* Reset the edit field to the current value. */if (field == \"int\" || field == \"domain\" || field == \"homepage\") {var currval = citGetTextContent(\"cit-\" + field + \"-prefill\");} else {var currval = citGetTextContent(\"cit-\" + field + \"-display\");}var input = citGetById(\"cit-\" + field + \"-input\");input.value = currval;}function citInPlaceEdit(field) {/* Hide display field and show input box. */citHide(\"cit-\" + field + \"-read\");citShow(\"cit-\" + field + \"-write\", \"inline\");var input = citGetById(\"cit-\" + field + \"-input\");if (input) input.focus();}function citInPlaceShow(field) {citHide(\"cit-\" + field + \"-read\");citShow(\"cit-\" + field + \"-write\", \"inline\");}function citInPlaceCancel(field) {/* Hide input box and show display field. */citHide(\"cit-\" + field + \"-write\");citShow(\"cit-\" + field + \"-read\", \"inline\");}function citToggleIndexDef(id) {var index_def = citGetById(id);if (!index_def) return;if (index_def.style.display &&index_def.style.display == \"block\") {citHideAllIndexDefs();} else {citHideAllIndexDefs();citShow(id, \"block\");}return false;}function citHideAllIndexDefs() {citHide('h_index_definition');citHide('i_ten_index_definition');citHide('total_citations_definition');citHide('h5_index_definition');citHide('h5_median_definition');return false;}function citMessageBox(messageBox, messageText) {this.messageBox = citGetById(messageBox);this.messageText = citGetById(messageText);this.timeoutId = null;}citMessageBox.prototype.hideMessage = function () {citMessageDisplay(this.messageBox, \"hidden\");};citMessageBox.prototype.showMessage = function (newText) {if (!newText) {this.hideMessage();} else {this.messageText.innerHTML = newText;citMessageDisplay(this.messageBox, \"visible\");this.setHideMessageTimeout();}};citMessageBox.prototype.setHideMessageTimeout = function () {this.cancelHideMessageTimeout();var _self = this;this.timeoutId = setTimeout(function () {_self.hideMessage();}, 60000);};citMessageBox.prototype.cancelHideMessageTimeout = function () {try {clearTimeout(this.timeoutId);} catch (ex) {/* Don't care. */}this.timeoutId = null;};var citGCMessageBox;function citInitGlobals() {citGCMessageBox = new citMessageBox(\"message_box\", \"message_text\");var showMsg = citGetById(\"cit-show-msg\");var shownMsg = citGetById(\"cit-shown-msg\");if (showMsg && showMsg.value && !(shownMsg && shownMsg.value)) {if (shownMsg) shownMsg.value = \"1\";citMessageDisplay(citGCMessageBox.messageBox, \"visible\");citGCMessageBox.setHideMessageTimeout();}if (window.addEventListener) {window.addEventListener(\"unload\", function() { citGCMessageBox.hideMessage(); }, false);} else if (window.attachEvent) {window.attachEvent(\"onunload\", function() {citGCMessageBox.hideMessage(); });}}if (window.addEventListener) {window.addEventListener(\"load\", citInitGlobals, false);} else if (window.attachEvent) {window.attachEvent(\"onload\", citInitGlobals);}</script><script>var gs_ie_ver=100;</script><!--[if IE 6]><script>gs_ie_ver=6;</script><![endif]--><!--[if IE 7]><script>gs_ie_ver=7;</script><![endif]--><!--[if IE 8]><script>gs_ie_ver=8;</script><![endif]--><script>function gs_id(i){return document.getElementById(i)}function gs_ch(e,t){return e?e.getElementsByTagName(t):[]}function gs_ech(e){return e.children||e.childNodes}function gs_atr(e,a){return e.getAttribute(a)}function gs_hatr(e,a){var n=e.getAttributeNode(a);return n&&n.specified}function gs_xatr(e,a,v){e.setAttribute(a,v)}function gs_uatr(e,a){e.removeAttribute(a)}function gs_catr(e,a,v){gs_hatr(e,a)&&gs_xatr(e,a,v)}function gs_ctai(e,v){gs_hatr(e,\"tabindex\")&&(e.tabIndex=v)}function gs_uas(s){return (navigator.userAgent||\"\").indexOf(s)>=0}var gs_is_tc=/[?&]tc=([01])/.exec(window.location.search||\"\"),gs_is_ios=gs_uas(\"iPhone\")||gs_uas(\"iPod\")||gs_uas(\"iPad\");if(gs_is_tc){gs_is_tc=parseInt(gs_is_tc[1]);}else if(window.matchMedia&&matchMedia(\"(pointer),(-moz-touch-enabled),(-moz-touch-enabled:0)\").matches){gs_is_tc=matchMedia(\"(pointer:coarse),(-moz-touch-enabled)\").matches;}else{gs_is_tc=gs_is_ios||gs_uas(\"Android\")||gs_uas(\"Windows Phone\")||gs_uas(\"BlackBerry\")||(gs_uas(\"AppleWebKit\")&&(gs_uas(\"Mobile\")||gs_uas(\"Tablet\")))||gs_uas(\"Opera Mini\")||gs_uas(\"Opera Mobi\")||gs_uas(\"IEMobile\")||('ontouchstart' in window)||(navigator.msMaxTouchPoints||0)>0;}var gs_re_sp=/\\s+/,gs_re_sel=/(?:^|\\s)(\\S*-)?gs_sel(-\\S*)?(?!\\S)/g,gs_re_hvr=/(?:^|\\s)(\\S*-)?gs_hvr(-\\S*)?(?!\\S)/g,gs_re_fcs=/(?:^|\\s)(\\S*-)?gs_fcs(-\\S*)?(?!\\S)/g,gs_re_act=/(?:^|\\s)(\\S*-)?gs_act(-\\S*)?(?!\\S)/g,gs_re_dis=/(?:^|\\s)(\\S*-)?gs_dis(-\\S*)?(?!\\S)/g,gs_re_vis=/(?:^|\\s)(\\S*-)?gs_vis(-\\S*)?(?!\\S)/g,gs_re_bsp=/(?:^|\\s)(\\S*-)?gs_bsp(-\\S*)?(?!\\S)/g,gs_re_cb=/(?:^|\\s)gs_in_cb(?!\\S)/,gs_re_ra=/(?:^|\\s)gs_in_ra(?!\\S)/;function gs_xcls(e,c){var l=e.className.split(gs_re_sp),n=l.length,i;l.push(c);for(i=0;i<n;i++){l[i]&&l.push(l[i]+\"-\"+c)}gs_scls(e,l.join(\" \"));}function gs_ucls(e,r){gs_scls(e,e.className.replace(r,\"\"))}function gs_scls(e,c){if(e.className!=c){e.className=c}}function gs_usel(e){gs_ucls(e,gs_re_sel)}function gs_xsel(e){gs_usel(e);gs_xcls(e,\"gs_sel\")}function gs_isel(e){(e.className.match(gs_re_sel)?gs_usel:gs_xsel)(e)}function gs_uhvr(e){gs_ucls(e,gs_re_hvr)}function gs_xhvr(e){gs_uhvr(e);gs_xcls(e,\"gs_hvr\");}function gs_ufcs(e){gs_ucls(e,gs_re_fcs)}function gs_xfcs(e){gs_ufcs(e);gs_xcls(e,\"gs_fcs\")}function gs_uact(e){gs_ucls(e,gs_re_act)}function gs_xact(e){gs_uact(e);gs_xcls(e,\"gs_act\")}function gs_udis(e){gs_ucls(e,gs_re_dis)}function gs_xdis(e){gs_udis(e);gs_xcls(e,\"gs_dis\")}function gs_uvis(e){gs_ucls(e,gs_re_vis)}function gs_xvis(e){gs_uvis(e);gs_xcls(e,\"gs_vis\")}function gs_ubsp(e){gs_ucls(e,gs_re_bsp)}function gs_xbsp(e){gs_ubsp(e);gs_xcls(e,\"gs_bsp\")}var gs_gcs=window.getComputedStyle?function(e){return getComputedStyle(e,null)}:function(e){return e.currentStyle};var gs_ctd=function(){var s=document.documentElement.style,p,l=['OT','MozT','webkitT','t'],i=l.length;function f(s){return Math.max.apply(null,(s||\"\").split(\",\").map(parseFloat))||0;}do{p=l[--i]+'ransition'}while(i&&!(p in s));return i?function(e){var s=gs_gcs(e);return f(s[p+\"Delay\"])+f(s[p+\"Duration\"]);}:function(){return 0};}();function gs_vis(e,v,c){var s=e&&e.style,n=\"webkitTransitionEnd\",h,f;if(s){gs_catr(e,\"aria-hidden\",v?\"false\":\"true\");if(v){s.display=v===2?\"inline\":\"block\";gs_ctd(e);gs_xvis(e);h=function(){e.removeEventListener(n,h,false);var t=pageYOffset+e.getBoundingClientRect().bottom,x=gs_id(\"gs_top\");t>x.offsetHeight&&(x.style.minHeight=t+\"px\");};f=gs_ctd(e);\"on\"+n.toLowerCase() in window&&f&&e.addEventListener(n,h,false);c&&(f?setTimeout(c,1000*f):c());}else{gs_uvis(e);h=function(){s.display=\"none\";var x=gs_id(\"gs_top\").style;x.minHeight&&(x.minHeight=\"\");c&&c();};f=gs_ctd(e);f?setTimeout(h,1000*f):h();}}}function gs_visi(i,v,c){gs_vis(gs_id(i),v,c)}function gs_sel_clk(p,t){var l=gs_ch(gs_id(p),\"li\"),i=l.length,c,x,s;while(i--){if((c=gs_ch(x=l[i],\"a\")).length){s=c[0]===t;(s?gs_xsel:gs_usel)(x);gs_catr(c[0],\"aria-selected\",s?\"true\":\"false\");}}return false;}function gs_efl(f){if(typeof f==\"string\"){var c=f.charAt(0),x=f.slice(1);if(c===\"#\")f=function(t){return t.id===x};else if(c===\".\")f=function(t){return (\" \"+t.className+\" \").indexOf(\" \"+x+\" \")>=0};else{c=f.toLowerCase();f=function(t){return t.nodeName.toLowerCase()===c};}}return f;}function gs_dfcn(d){return (d?\"last\":\"first\")+\"Child\"}function gs_dnsn(d){return (d?\"previous\":\"next\")+\"Sibling\"}var gs_trv=function(){function h(r,x,f,s,n,c){var t,p;while(x){if(x.nodeType===1){if(f(x)){if(c)return x;}else{for(p=x[s];p;p=p[n])if(t=h(p,p,f,s,n,1))return t;}}c=1;while(1){if(x===r)return;p=x.parentNode;if(x=x[n])break;x=p;}}}return function(r,x,f,d){return h(r,x,gs_efl(f),gs_dfcn(d),gs_dnsn(d))};}();function gs_bind(){var a=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments),f=a.shift();return function(){return f.apply(null,a.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)))};}var gs_evt_ie=[],gs_evt1=window.addEventListener?function(e,n,f){e.addEventListener(n,f,false);}:function(e,n,f){n=\"on\"+n;e.attachEvent(n,f);gs_ie_ver<=6&&gs_evt_ie.push(function(){e.detachEvent(n,f)});};function gs_evt(e,n,f){if(typeof n===\"string\")gs_evt1(e,n,f);else for(var i=n.length;i--;)gs_evt1(e,n[i],f);}function gs_evt_all(l,n,f){for(var i=l.length;i--;){gs_evt(l[i],n,gs_bind(f,l[i]))}}function gs_evt_dlg(p,c,n,f){p!==c&&(c=gs_efl(c));gs_evt(p,n,p===c?function(e){f(p,e)}:function(e){var t=gs_evt_tgt(e);while(t){if(c(t))return f(t,e);if(t===p)return;t=t.parentNode;}});}function gs_evt_sms(v){var L=[],l=[\"mousedown\",\"click\"],i=l.length;function s(e){for(var l=L,n=l.length,i=0,x=e.clientX,y=e.clientY;i<n;i+=2){if(Math.abs(x-l[i])<10&&Math.abs(y-l[i+1])<10){gs_evt_ntr(e);break;}}}while(i--)document.addEventListener(l[i],s,true);gs_evt_sms=function(e){var l=e.changedTouches||[],h=l[0]||{};L.push(h.clientX,h.clientY);setTimeout(function(){L.splice(0,2)},2000);};gs_evt_sms(v);v=0;}function gs_evt_clk(e,f,w,k){return gs_evt_dlg_clk(e,e,function(t,e){f(e)},w,k);}function gs_evt_dlg_clk(p,c,f,w,k){k=\",\"+(k||[13,32]).join(\",\")+\",\";return gs_evt_dlg_xclk(p,c,function(t,e){if(e.type==\"keydown\"){if(k.indexOf(\",\"+e.keyCode+\",\")<0)return;gs_evt_ntr(e);}f(t,e);},w);}var gs_evt_cl=[\"touchstart\",\"touchend\",\"touchcancel\",\"mousedown\",\"keydown\",\"keyup\",\"click\"];function gs_evt_xclk(e,f,w){return gs_evt_dlg_xclk(e,e,function(t,e){f(e)},w);}function gs_evt_dlg_xclk(p,c,f,w){var T,S=0,X=0,Y=0,O=0,V=0;function u(t,e){var n=e.type,h,l;if(t!==T){T=t;S=0;}if(!gs_evt_spk(e)){if(n===\"mousedown\"){if(w!==2)return S=0;S=1;}else if(n===\"click\"){if(S){gs_evt_ntr(e);return S=0;}}else if(n===\"touchstart\"&&w){if(e.timeStamp-V<200){gs_evt_ntr(e);return S=0;}if(w===2){S=0;}else{if((l=e.touches).length!==1)return S=-3;h=l[0];X=h.pageX;Y=h.pageY;O=pageYOffset;return S=3;}}else if(n===\"touchcancel\"){return S=0;}else if(n===\"touchend\"&&w){gs_evt_sms(e);V=e.timeStamp;if(w===2){gs_evt_ntr(e);return S=0;}if(S!==3||(l=e.changedTouches).length!==1||Math.abs(X-(h=l[0]).pageX)>10||Math.abs(Y-h.pageY)>10||Math.abs(O-pageYOffset)>1){return S=(e.touches.length?-4:0);}S=0;}else if(n===\"keydown\"){f(t,e);return;}else if(n===\"keyup\"){e.keyCode===32&&gs_evt_pdf(e);return;}else{return}gs_evt_ntr(e);f(t,e);}}gs_evt_dlg(p,c,w?gs_evt_cl:[\"click\",\"keydown\",\"keyup\"],u);return u;}function gs_evt_inp(e,f){gs_evt(e,[\"input\",\"keyup\",\"cut\",\"paste\",\"change\"],function(){setTimeout(f,0)});}function gs_evt_fcs(e,f){e.addEventListener(\"focus\",f,true)}function gs_evt_blr(e,f){e.addEventListener(\"blur\",f,true)}if(\"onfocusin\" in document){gs_evt_fcs=function(e,f){gs_evt(e,\"focusin\",f)};gs_evt_blr=function(e,f){gs_evt(e,\"focusout\",f)};}function gs_evt_stp(e){e.cancelBubble=true;e.stopPropagation&&e.stopPropagation();return false;}function gs_evt_pdf(e){e.returnValue=false;e.preventDefault&&e.preventDefault();}function gs_evt_ntr(e){gs_evt_stp(e);gs_evt_pdf(e);}function gs_evt_tgt(e){var t=e.target||e.srcElement;t&&t.nodeType===3&&(t=t.parentNode);return t;}function gs_evt_spk(e){return e.ctrlKey||e.altKey||e.metaKey||e.shiftKey}function gs_tfcs(t){if(!gs_is_tc||(gs_uas(\"Windows\")&&!gs_uas(\"IEMobile\"))){t.focus();t.value=t.value;}}var gs_raf=window.requestAnimationFrame||window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame||window.mozRequestAnimationFrame||function(c){setTimeout(c,33)};var gs_evt_rdy=function(){var d=document,l=[],h=function(e){var s=d.readyState,n=l.length,i=0;if(!s||s==\"interactive\"||s==\"complete\"){while(i<n)l[i++]();l=[];}};gs_evt(d,\"DOMContentLoaded\",h);gs_evt(d,\"readystatechange\",h);gs_evt(window,\"load\",h);return function(f){l.push(f)};}();function gs_evt_raf(e,n){var l=[],t=0,h=function(){var x=l,n=x.length,i=0;while(i<n)x[i++]();t=0;};return function(f){l.length||gs_evt(e,n,function(){!t++&&gs_raf(h)});l.push(f);};}var gs_evt_wsc=gs_evt_raf(window,\"scroll\"),gs_evt_wre=gs_evt_raf(window,\"resize\");var gs_md_st=[],gs_md_lv={},gs_md_fc={},gs_md_if,gs_md_is=0;function gs_md_ifc(d,f){gs_md_fc[d]=f}function gs_md_sif(){gs_md_if=1;setTimeout(function(){gs_md_if=0},0);}function gs_md_plv(n){var l=gs_md_lv,x=0;while(n&&!x){x=l[n.id]||0;n=n.parentNode;}return x;}gs_evt(document,\"click\",function(e){var m=gs_md_st.length;if(m&&!gs_evt_spk(e)&&m>gs_md_plv(gs_evt_tgt(e))){(gs_md_st.pop())();gs_evt_pdf(e);}});gs_evt(document,\"keydown\",function(e){e.keyCode==27&&!gs_evt_spk(e)&&gs_md_st.length&&(gs_md_st.pop())();});gs_evt(document,\"selectstart\",function(e){gs_md_is&&gs_evt_pdf(e)});gs_evt_fcs(document,function(e){var l=gs_md_lv,m=gs_md_st.length,x,k,v,d;if(m&&!gs_md_if){x=gs_md_plv(gs_evt_tgt(e));while(x<m){v=0;for(k in l)l.hasOwnProperty(k)&&l[k]>v&&(v=l[d=k]);if(v=gs_md_fc[d]){gs_evt_stp(e);gs_id(v).focus();break;}else{(gs_md_st.pop())(1);--m;!gs_md_is++&&setTimeout(function(){gs_md_is=0},1000);}}}});function gs_md_cls(d,e){var x=gs_md_lv[d]||1e6;while(gs_md_st.length>=x)(gs_md_st.pop())();return gs_evt_stp(e);}function gs_md_opn(d,e,c,z){if(!gs_md_lv[d]){var n=gs_id(d),x=gs_md_plv(n),a=document.activeElement;while(gs_md_st.length>x)(gs_md_st.pop())();gs_visi(d,1);gs_md_st.push(function(u){gs_md_lv[d]=0;gs_visi(d,0,z);try{u||a.focus()}catch(_){}c&&c(u);});gs_md_lv[d]=gs_md_st.length;return gs_evt_stp(e);}}function gs_evt_md_mnu(d,b,f,a,w){var O,X;d=gs_id(d);b=gs_id(b);f=f?gs_efl(f):function(t){return (gs_hatr(t,\"data-a\")||t.nodeName===\"A\"&&t.href)&&t.offsetWidth;};a=a||function(t){var c=gs_atr(t,\"data-a\");c?eval(c):t.nodeName===\"A\"&&t.href&&(location=t.href);};function u(e){if(e.type==\"keydown\"){var k=e.keyCode;if(k==38||k==40){if(O){try{gs_trv(d,d,f,k==38).focus()}catch(_){}gs_evt_ntr(e);return;}}else if(k!=13&&k!=32){return;}gs_evt_pdf(e);}if(O){gs_md_cls(d.id,e);}else{gs_md_sif();O=1;gs_xsel(b);gs_md_opn(d.id,e,function(){O=0;gs_usel(b);try{gs_ufcs(X);X.blur()}catch(_){}});w&&w();}}function c(x,r){var p=x.parentNode,c=gs_ech(p),i=c.length,l=\"offsetLeft\";if(p!==d){while(c[--i]!==x);p=p[gs_dnsn(r)]||p.parentNode[gs_dfcn(r)];c=gs_ech(p);if(i=Math.min(i+1,c.length)){p=c[i-1];if(p.nodeType==1&&f(p)&&p[l]!=x[l])return p;}}}function g(t,e){function m(x){if(x){gs_evt_ntr(e);x.focus();}}if(O){if(e.type==\"keydown\"){var k=e.keyCode;if(k==13||k==32){}else{if(k==38||k==40){m(gs_trv(d,t,f,k==38)||gs_trv(d,d,f,k==38));}else if(k==37||k==39){m(c(t,k==37));}return;}}gs_md_cls(d.id,e);gs_evt_pdf(e);gs_md_sif();a(t);}}gs_evt_xclk(b,u,2);gs_evt_fcs(d,function(e){var x=gs_evt_tgt(e);if(x&&f(x)){gs_ctai(x,0);gs_xfcs(x);X=x;}});gs_evt_blr(d,function(e){var x=gs_evt_tgt(e);if(x&&f(x)){gs_ctai(x,-1);gs_ufcs(x);X=0;}});gs_evt_dlg_xclk(d,f,g,1);return u;}function gs_evt_dlg_md_mnu(p,d,b,f,a,w){var r={};gs_evt_dlg(p,function(t){return d(t.id)},gs_evt_cl,function(t,e){var x=t.id;r[x]=r[x]||gs_evt_md_mnu(d(x),x,f,a,w)(e)||1;});}function gs_evt_md_sel(d,b,h,c,s,u){h=gs_id(h);c=gs_id(c);s=gs_id(s);return gs_evt_md_mnu(d,b,function(t){return gs_hatr(t,\"data-v\")},function(t){h.innerHTML=t.innerHTML;c.value=gs_atr(t,\"data-v\");if(t!==s){gs_usel(s);gs_uatr(s,\"aria-selected\");gs_xsel(s=t);gs_xatr(s,\"aria-selected\",\"true\");}u&&u();},function(){s.focus()});}function gs_xhr(){if(window.XMLHttpRequest)return new XMLHttpRequest();var c=[\"Microsoft.XMLHTTP\",\"MSXML2.XMLHTTP\",\"MSXML2.XMLHTTP.3.0\",\"MSXML2.XMLHTTP.6.0\"],i=c.length;while(i--)try{return new ActiveXObject(c[i])}catch(e){}}function gs_ajax(u,d,c){var r=gs_xhr();r.onreadystatechange=function(){r.readyState==4&&c(r.status,r.responseText);};r.open(d?\"POST\":\"GET\",u,true);d&&r.setRequestHeader(\"Content-Type\",\"application/x-www-form-urlencoded\");d?r.send(d):r.send();}var gs_lst,gs_xlst;if(window.localStorage){gs_lst=function(k){return localStorage[k]};gs_xlst=function(k,v){localStorage[k]=v};}else if(gs_ie_ver<8)!function(){var c;function l(){if(c)return c;c=document.createElement(\"div\");c.style.display=\"none\";c.style.behavior=\"url('#default#userdata')\";document.body.appendChild(c);return c;}gs_lst=function(k){l().load(\"s\");return gs_atr(l(),k)};gs_xlst=function(k,v){gs_xatr(l(),k,v);l().save(\"s\")};}();function gs_init_el(){var r=document.documentElement,w=window.innerWidth||r.offsetWidth,h=window.innerHeight||r.offsetHeight,m=\"\";if(w&&h){if(w<1060||h<590)m=\"gs_el_sm\";else if(w<1252||h<640)m=\"gs_el_me\";gs_is_tc&&gs_ie_ver>=8&&(m+=\" gs_el_tc\");gs_is_ios&&(m+=\" gs_el_ios\");gs_scls(r,m);}}gs_init_el();gs_evt_wre(gs_init_el);gs_evt(window,[\"pageshow\",\"load\"],gs_init_el);function gs_is_cb(e){var n=e.className||\"\";return n.match(gs_re_cb)||n.match(gs_re_ra);}function gs_ssel(e){}(function(d){function c(){var v=l,i=v.length,k=p,e,x=gs_id(\"gs_top\");if(x&&!r){gs_evt(x,\"click\",function(){});r=1;if(!s){clearInterval(t);t=null}}p=i;while(i-->k)gs_is_cb((e=v[i]).parentNode)&&gs_ssel(e);}var s=gs_ie_ver<=8,l=[],p=0,t=setInterval(c,200),r;gs_evt_rdy(function(){c();l=[];clearInterval(t)});if(!s&&gs_is_tc){s=/AppleWebKit\\/([0-9]+)/.exec(navigator.userAgent||\"\");s=s&&parseInt(s[1])<535;}if(!s)return;l=gs_ch(d,\"input\");gs_ssel=function(e){var p=e.parentNode,l,i,r;(e.checked?gs_xsel:gs_usel)(p);if(p.className.match(gs_re_ra)){l=e.form.elements[e.name]||[];for(i=l.length;i--;)((r=l[i]).checked?gs_xsel:gs_usel)(r.parentNode);}};gs_evt(d,\"click\",function(e){var x=gs_evt_tgt(e),p=x.parentNode;gs_is_cb(p)&&x.nodeName===\"INPUT\"&&gs_ssel(x);});if(gs_ie_ver>7)return;function w(t){var n=t&&t.nodeName;while(n===\"SPAN\"||n===\"B\"||n===\"I\")n=(t=t.parentNode).nodeName;return t;}var A;function y(f,e){var t=w(e.srcElement),n=t&&t.nodeName,p;if(n===\"INPUT\"||n===\"BUTTON\"||n===\"LABEL\"){p=t.parentNode;f(gs_is_cb(p)?p:t);}}gs_evt(d,\"mousedown\",gs_bind(y,function(t){gs_xact(A=t)}));gs_evt(d,\"mouseup\",function(){A&&(gs_uact(A),A=0)});gs_evt(d,\"focusin\",gs_bind(y,gs_xfcs));gs_evt(d,\"focusout\",gs_bind(y,gs_ufcs));if(gs_ie_ver>6)return;gs_evt(window,\"unload\",function(){var l=gs_evt_ie,i=l.length;while(i--){(l[i])()}l.length=0;});gs_evt(window,\"load\",function(){try{document.execCommand(\"BackgroundImageCache\",false,true)}catch(_){}});function h(t){var n=(t=w(t))&&t.nodeName,p;return n===\"BUTTON\"||n===\"LI\"?t:(n===\"INPUT\"||n===\"LABEL\")&&(gs_is_cb(p=t.parentNode)?p:t);}gs_evt(d,\"mouseover\",function(e){var f=h(e.fromElement),t=h(e.srcElement);t&&t!==f&&gs_xhvr(t);});gs_evt(d,\"mouseout\",function(e){var f=h(e.srcElement),t=h(e.toElement);f&&f!==t&&gs_uhvr(f);});function a(t){var n=(t=w(t))&&t.nodeName;return n===\"BUTTON\"&&t.type===\"submit\"&&t;}function k(f,b){var l=gs_ch(f,\"button\"),i=l.length,r=[],x;while(i--)(x=l[i]).type===\"submit\"&&r.push(x);if((i=r.length)>1){while(i--)(x=r[i])!==b&&(x.disabled=true);f.submit();}}gs_evt(d,\"keydown\",function(e){var v=e.srcElement,f,b;if(e.keyCode===13&&!gs_evt_spk(e)){for(f=v;f&&f.nodeName!==\"FORM\";f=f.parentNode);f&&((b=a(v))||v.nodeName===\"INPUT\"&&v.type===\"text\"?k(f,b):gs_evt_pdf(e));}});gs_evt(d,\"click\",function(e){var f,b;!gs_evt_spk(e)&&(b=a(e.srcElement))&&(f=b.form)&&k(f,b);});})(document);</script><script type=\"text/javascript\"></script></head><body><style>#gs_gb{position:relative;height:30px;background:#2d2d2d;z-index:950;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;}#gs_gb_lt,#gs_gb_rt,#gs_gb_lp{position:absolute;top:0;white-space:nowrap;}#gs_gb_lt{left:34px}.gs_el_me #gs_gb_lt{left:18px}.gs_el_sm #gs_gb_lt{left:6px}.gs_el_ph #gs_gb_lt{display:none}#gs_gb_lp{display:none}#gs_gb_lp:hover,#gs_gb_lp:focus,#gs_gb_lp:active{-webkit-filter:brightness(100%);}.gs_el_ph #gs_gb_lp{display:block;z-index:1;cursor:pointer;top:8px;left:8px;width:50px;height:17px;background:url('/intl/en/scholar/images/google_logo_tg_2012.png');_background:transparent;_filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='/intl/en/scholar/images/google_logo_tg_2012.png');}#gs_gb_rt{right:36px}.gs_el_me #gs_gb_rt{right:18px}.gs_el_sm #gs_gb_rt{right:6px}.gs_el_ta #gs_gb_rt,.gs_el_ph #gs_gb_rt{right:0}#gs_gb_lt a:link,#gs_gb_lt a:visited,#gs_gb_rt a:link,#gs_gb_rt a:visited{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;height:29px;line-height:27px;padding:2px 10px 0 10px;font-weight:bold;color:#bbb;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;}#gs_gb_rt a:link,#gs_gb_rt a:visited{padding:2px 8px 0 8px}#gs_gb_lt a:hover,#gs_gb_lt a:focus,#gs_gb_lt a:active,#gs_gb_rt a:hover,#gs_gb_rt a:focus,#gs_gb_rt a:active{color:white;outline:none;}#gs_gb_ac{top:30px;left:auto;right:6px;width:288px;white-space:normal;}#gs_gb_aw,#gs_gb_ap,.gs_gb_am,#gs_gb_ab{display:block;padding:10px 20px;}#gs_gb_aw{background:#fef9db;font-size:11px;}#gs_gb_ap,.gs_gb_am{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;}#gs_gb_aa:link,#gs_gb_aa:visited{padding:7px 0 5px 0;float:right;margin-left:8px;color:#1155cc;}#gs_gb_aa:active{color:#d14836}.gs_gb_am:link,.gs_gb_am:visited{color:#222;text-decoration:none;}.gs_gb_am:hover,.gs_gb_am:focus{background:#f1f1f1}.gs_gb_am:active{background:#eee}#gs_gb_ab{background:#fbfbfb;overflow:auto;zoom:1;}#gs_gb_aab{float:left;margin-right:16px}#gs_gb_aso{float:right}</style><div id=\"gs_gb\" role=\"navigation\"><div id=\"gs_gb_lt\"><a href=\"http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en&\">Web</a><a href=\"http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&\">Images</a><a href=\"http://www.google.com/intl/en/options/\">More…</a></div><a id=\"gs_gb_lp\" aria-label=\"Web\" href=\"http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en&\"></a><div id=\"gs_gb_rt\"><a href=\"https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=http://scholar.google.com/citations%3Fuser%3DHI-I6C0AAAAJ%26hl%3Den\">Sign in</a></div></div><div id=\"gs_top\"><div class=\"g-doc-1024\"><script type=\"text/javascript\">function citToggleEmbedLink() {citHide(\"cit-photo-form\");var elem = citGetById(\"cit-public-url\");citToggleElem(\"cit-public-url\", \"block\");return false;}function citTogglePhotoForm() {citHide(\"cit-public-url\");citToggleElem(\"cit-photo-form\", \"inline\");return false;}</script><div class=\"g-section g-tpl-250-alt\"><div class=\"g-unit g-first\"><div style=\"padding-left:1em\"><a href=\"http://scholar.google.com/schhp?hl=en&oe=ASCII\" target=\"_top\"><img src=\"http://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/images/scholar_logo_md_2011.gif\" width=\"194\" height=\"40\" alt=\"Scholar Home\" border=0></a><form method=\"get\" action=\"/citations\"><input type=hidden name=hl value=\"en\"><input type=hidden name=oe value=\"ASCII\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"view_op\" value=\"search_authors\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"mauthors\" style=\"width:100%\"><br><input type=\"submit\" value=\"Search Authors\"></form><br><div style=\"font-size:120%\"><a href=\"/citations?hl=en&oe=ASCII\" class=\"cit-dark-link\" target=\"_top\">Get my own profile</a> - <a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"/intl/en/scholar/citations.html\">Help</a></div><br></div><div style=\"padding-left:1em\"><div class=\"g-section\"><div class=\"cit-rco cit-dgb\"></div><div class=\"cit-rci cit-dgb\"></div><div class=\"cit-dgb\" style=\"font-weight: bold\"> Follow this author</div><div style=\"padding:.5em; border:.3em solid #9FD9A7\"><div>29 Followers</div><hr><div><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"citHide('cit-follow-citations-form');citToggleElem('cit-follow-articles-form', 'block')\">Follow new articles</a></div><div id=\"cit-follow-articles-form\" style=\"display:none\"><form method=\"post\" action=\"/citations?hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&view_op=list_works\" style=\"border:2px solid #9FD9A7; padding:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em\">Create email alert for new articles in this profile<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"xsrf\" value=\"AMstHGQAAAAAUtTAfwu0eEKbKa4CwRVSEsbSP-uCuF4e\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"user\" value=\"HI-I6C0AAAAJ\"><input type=\"text\" size=\"25\" maxlength=\"100\" id=\"cit-articles-email\" style=\"color:gray;\" name=\"email_for_op\" value=\"Email\"onfocus=\"citClearTextHint('cit-articles-email', 'Email')\" onblur=\"citSetTextHint('cit-articles-email','Email')\"><br><input type=\"submit\" name=\"follow_articles_btn\" value=\"Create alert\"> <input type=\"button\" name=\"cancel_follow_articles_btn\" value=\"Cancel\" onclick=\"citHide('cit-follow-articles-form', 'block')\"></form></div><div><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"citHide('cit-follow-articles-form');citToggleElem('cit-follow-citations-form', 'block')\">Follow new citations</a></div><div id=\"cit-follow-citations-form\" style=\"display:none\"><form method=\"post\" action=\"/citations?hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&view_op=list_works\" style=\"border:2px solid #9FD9A7; padding:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em\">Create email alert for new citations to articles in this profile<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"xsrf\" value=\"AMstHGQAAAAAUtTAfwu0eEKbKa4CwRVSEsbSP-uCuF4e\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"user\" value=\"HI-I6C0AAAAJ\"><input type=\"text\" size=\"25\" maxlength=\"100\" id=\"cit-citations-email\" style=\"color:gray;\" name=\"email_for_op\" value=\"Email\"onfocus=\"citClearTextHint('cit-citations-email', 'Email')\" onblur=\"citSetTextHint('cit-citations-email','Email')\"><br><input type=\"submit\" name=\"follow_citations_btn\" value=\"Create alert\"> <input type=\"button\" name=\"cancel_follow_citations_btn\" value=\"Cancel\" onclick=\"citHide('cit-follow-citations-form','block')\"></form></div></div></div><br><div class=\"g-section\"><div class=\"cit-rco cit-dgb\"></div><div class=\"cit-rci cit-dgb\"></div><div class=\"cit-dgb\" style=\"font-weight: bold\"> Co-authors</div><div style=\"padding:.5em; border:.3em solid #9FD9A7\"><span style=\"color:#000\">No co-authors</span></div></div></div></div><div class=\"g-unit\"><div class=\"cit-user-info\"><div class=\"g-section g-tpl-150\"><div class=\"g-unit g-first\"><div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"/citations?user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&hl=en&oe=ASCII\"><img width=\"113\" height=\"150\" src=\"/citations?view_op=view_photo&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citpid=1\"></a><br><a class=\"cit-inplaceaction\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"citTogglePhotoForm();\"></a></div></div><div class=\"g-unit\"><div style=\"margin-left:6px\"><form id=\"cit-name-form\" method=\"post\" class=\"cit-inplaceform\" action=\"\"><span id=\"cit-name-read\"><span id=\"cit-name-display\" class=\"cit-in-place-nohover\">Jeff Leek</span></span></form><form id=\"cit-affiliation-form\" method=\"post\" class=\"cit-inplaceform\" action=\"\"><span id=\"cit-affiliation-read\"><span id=\"cit-affiliation-display\" class=\"cit-in-place-nohover\">Assistant Professor of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</span></span></form><form id=\"cit-int-form\" method=\"post\" class=\"cit-inplaceform\" action=\"\"><span id=\"cit-int-read\"><a class=\"cit-dark-large-link\" href=\"/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&oe=ASCII&mauthors=label:statistics\">Statistics</a> <span style=\"font-size:120%\">- </span><a class=\"cit-dark-large-link\" href=\"/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&oe=ASCII&mauthors=label:computing\">Computing</a> <span style=\"font-size:120%\">- </span><a class=\"cit-dark-large-link\" href=\"/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&oe=ASCII&mauthors=label:genomics\">Genomics</a> <span style=\"font-size:120%\">- </span><a class=\"cit-dark-large-link\" href=\"/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&oe=ASCII&mauthors=label:personalized_medicine\">Personalized Medicine</a> <span style=\"font-size:120%\">- </span><a class=\"cit-dark-large-link\" href=\"/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&oe=ASCII&mauthors=label:scientific_communication\">Scientific Communication</a> </span></form><form id=\"cit-domain-form\" method=\"post\" class=\"cit-inplaceform\" action=\"\"><span id=\"cit-domain-read\"><span id=\"cit-domain-display\" class=\"cit-in-place-nohover\">Verified email at jhsph.edu</span></span></form><form id=\"cit-homepage-form\" method=\"post\" class=\"cit-inplaceform\" style=\"display:inline\" action=\"\"><span id=\"cit-homepage-read\"><a class=\"cit-dark-large-link\" href=\"http://biostat.jhsph.edu/~jleek/research.html\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Homepage</a></span></form></div></div></div></div><div class=\"g-section\"><div class=\"cit-messagebox\" id=\"message_box\" style=\"visibility:hidden\"><table style=\"display:inline-table\"><tr><td><b></b><i></i><form style=\"display:none\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"cit-show-msg\" value=\"\"><input type=\"text\" id=\"cit-shown-msg\" value=\"\"></form><form action=\"\" method=\"post\" name=\"undoFrm\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"\" value=\"\"/><div id=\"message_text\"> </div></form><i></i><b></b></td></tr></table></div></div><div class=\"cit-rco cit-lbb\"></div><div class=\"cit-rci cit-lbb\"></div><div class=\"cit-lbb\"><table style=\"text-align:center;width:100%\"><tr><td valign=top><b>Citation indices</b><br><table id=\"stats\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"205\"><tr class=\"cit-headerrow\"><td class=\"cit-caption\"> </td><td class=\"cit-borderleft\">All</td><td class=\"cit-borderleft\">Since 2009</td></tr><tr class=\"cit-borderbottom\"><td class=\"cit-caption\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"cit-dark-link\" onclick=\"return citToggleIndexDef('total_citations_definition')\" title='This is the number of citations to all publications. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the number of new citations in the last 5 years to all publications.'>Citations</a></td><td class=\"cit-borderleft cit-data\">1874</td><td class=\"cit-borderleft cit-data\">1606</td></tr><tr class=\"cit-borderbottom\"><td class=\"cit-caption\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"cit-dark-link\" onclick=\"return citToggleIndexDef('h_index_definition')\" title='h-index is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h citations. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h new citations in the last 5 years.'>h-index</a></td><td class=\"cit-borderleft cit-data\">14</td><td class=\"cit-borderleft cit-data\">14</td></tr><tr><td class=\"cit-caption\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"cit-dark-link\" onclick=\"return citToggleIndexDef('i_ten_index_definition')\" title='i10-index is the number of publications with at least 10 citations. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the number of publications that have received at least 10 new citations in the last 5 years.'>i10-index</a></td><td class=\"cit-borderleft cit-data\">18</td><td class=\"cit-borderleft cit-data\">18</td></tr></table></td><td valign=top width=\"475\"><b>Citations to my articles</b><br><img src=\"http://www.google.com/chart?chs=475x90&cht=bvs&chf=bg,s,e8f4f7&chco=1111cc&chbh=r,2.0,0.0&chxt=x,y&chxr=1,0,537,537&chd=t:1.5,8.0,15.1,22.7,19.0,35.8,52.0,83.2,100.0,5.0&chxl=0:|2005|||2008|||2011|||2014\" height=\"90\" width=\"475\" alt=\"Citations to my articles\"></td></tr></table><div id=\"h_index_definition\" style=\"display:none\" class=\"cit-definition emphasis\">h-index is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h citations. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the largest number h such that h publications have at least h new citations in the last 5 years. <font size=\"-1\"><a class=\"cit-light-link\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"return citHide('h_index_definition')\">hide</a></font></div><div id=\"i_ten_index_definition\" style=\"display:none\" class=\"cit-definition emphasis\">i10-index is the number of publications with at least 10 citations. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the number of publications that have received at least 10 new citations in the last 5 years. <font size=\"-1\"><a class=\"cit-light-link\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"return citHide('i_ten_index_definition')\">hide</a></font></div><div id=\"total_citations_definition\" style=\"display:none\" class=\"cit-definition emphasis\">This is the number of citations to all publications. The second column has the "recent" version of this metric which is the number of new citations in the last 5 years to all publications. <font size=\"-1\"><a class=\"cit-light-link\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"return citHide('total_citations_definition')\">hide</a></font></div></div><form method=\"post\" action=\"/citations?hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&view_op=list_works\" id=\"citationsForm\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"xsrf\" value=\"AMstHGQAAAAAUtTAfwu0eEKbKa4CwRVSEsbSP-uCuF4e\"><div class=\"g-section cit-dgb\"><div style=\"padding:0.3em 0.6em;\"><table style=\"width:100%\"><tr><td></td><td style=\"text-align:right;\">Show:<select onchange=\"citGo('/citations?hl\\x3den\\x26oe\\x3dASCII\\x26user\\x3dHI-I6C0AAAAJ\\x26view_op\\x3dlist_works\\x26pagesize\\x3d100')\"><option selected>20</option><option>100</option></select> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em;\">1-20</span><a href=\"/citations?hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&view_op=list_works&cstart=20\" class=\"cit-dark-link\">Next ></a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class=\"g-section\"><div style=\"min-height: 200px; height: auto !important;height: 200px; border-left: 0.4em solid #9fd9a7;border-bottom: 0.3em solid #9fd9a7;\"><table class=\"cit-table\"><tr class=\"cit-table header\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?sortby=title&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&view_op=list_works\" class=\"cit-dark-link\">Title / Author</a></td><td id=\"col-citedby\">Cited by</td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"> </td><td id=\"col-year\"><a href=\"/citations?sortby=pubdate&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&view_op=list_works\" class=\"cit-dark-link\">Year</a></td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:u5HHmVD_uO8C\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Significance analysis of time course microarray experiments</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JD Storey, W Xiao, JT Leek, RG Tompkins, RW Davis</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ...</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=8692182196465189153\">397</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2005</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Capturing heterogeneity in gene expression studies by surrogate variable analysis</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek, JD Storey</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">PLoS Genetics 3 (9), e161</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=14943880347723800617\">259</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2007</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:UeHWp8X0CEIC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Tackling the widespread and critical impact of batch effects in high-throughput data</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek, RB Scharpf, HC Bravo, D Simcha, B Langmead, WE Johnson, D Geman, K ...</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Nature Reviews Genetics 11 (10), 733-739</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=16403016020126782741\">237</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2010</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">EDGE: extraction and analysis of differential gene expression</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek, E Monsen, AR Dabney, JD Storey</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Bioinformatics 22 (4), 507-508</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=8862746171832697560\">172</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2006</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:IjCSPb-OGe4C\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Cloud-scale RNA-sequencing differential expression analysis with Myrna</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">B Langmead, KD Hansen, JT Leek</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Genome Biol 11 (8), R83</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=9392678635432440961\">138</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2010</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:qjMakFHDy7sC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Systems-level dynamic analyses of fate change in murine embryonic stem cells</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">R Lu, F Markowetz, RD Unwin, JT Leek, EM Airoldi, BD MacArthur, A Lachmann ...</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Nature 462 (7271), 358-362</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=4114573275173642545\">125</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2009</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">The optimal discovery procedure for large-scale significance testing, with applications to comparative microarray experiments</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JD Storey, JY Dai, JT Leek</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">bepress</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=16099641174606741636\">122</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2005</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:2osOgNQ5qMEC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">A general framework for multiple testing dependence</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek, JD Storey</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (48), 18718-18723</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=6862569568109470250\">109</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2008</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:Se3iqnhoufwC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Temporal dynamics and genetic control of transcription in the human prefrontal cortex</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">C Colantuoni, BK Lipska, T Ye, TM Hyde, R Tao, JT Leek, EA Colantuoni, AG ...</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Nature 478 (7370), 519-523</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=15401379057477374674\">101</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2011</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:LkGwnXOMwfcC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Sequencing technology does not eliminate biological variability</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">KD Hansen, Z Wu, RA Irizarry, JT Leek</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Nature biotechnology 29 (7), 572-573</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=13984583295080419572\">34</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2011</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:8k81kl-MbHgC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek, WE Johnson, HS Parker, AE Jaffe, JD Storey</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Bioinformatics 28 (6), 882-883</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=8144311546232376767\">26</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2012</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:0EnyYjriUFMC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">ReCount: a multi-experiment resource of analysis-ready RNA-seq gene count datasets</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">A Frazee, B Langmead, J Leek</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">BMC bioinformatics 12 (1), 449</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=5499264026160610251\">26</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2011</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:5nxA0vEk-isC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Bump hunting to identify differentially methylated regions in epigenetic epidemiology studies</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">AE Jaffe, P Murakami, H Lee, JT Leek, MD Fallin, AP Feinberg, RA Irizarry</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">International journal of epidemiology 41 (1), 200-209</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=13917393765835926103\">24</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2012</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:hqOjcs7Dif8C\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Significance analysis and statistical dissection of variably methylated regions</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">AE Jaffe, AP Feinberg, RA Irizarry, JT Leek</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Biostatistics 13 (1), 166-178</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=8713725236803269731\">19</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2012</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:WF5omc3nYNoC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Cooperation between referees and authors increases peer review accuracy</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek, MA Taub, FJ Pineda</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">PloS one 6 (11), e26895</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=2817868503282973196\">13</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2011</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:Tyk-4Ss8FVUC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Asymptotic Conditional Singular Value Decomposition for High‐Dimensional Genomic Data</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Biometrics 67 (2), 344-352</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=16751206081910057670\">12</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2011</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:_FxGoFyzp5QC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">Dissecting inflammatory complications in critically injured patients by within-patient gene expression changes: a longitudinal clinical genomics study</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">KH Desai, CS Tan, JT Leek, RV Maier, RG Tompkins, JD Storey</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">PLoS medicine 8 (9), e1001093</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=10923603496726693889\">10</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2011</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:Y0pCki6q_DkC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">The tspair package for finding top scoring pair classifiers in R</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Bioinformatics 25 (9), 1203-1204</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=10521226315216814638\">10</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2009</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:ufrVoPGSRksC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">The joint null criterion for multiple hypothesis tests</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JT Leek, JD Storey</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology 10 (1)</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=4881367676737276124\">7</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2011</td></tr> <tr class=\"cit-table item\"><td id=\"col-title\"><a href=\"/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=HI-I6C0AAAAJ:zYLM7Y9cAGgC\" class=\"cit-dark-large-link\">The optimal discovery procedure II: applications to comparative microarray experiments</a><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">JD Storey, JY Dai, JT Leek</span><br><span class=\"cit-gray\">UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series</span></td><td id=\"col-citedby\"><a class=\"cit-dark-link\" href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&oe=ASCII&cites=2916467767938830107\">6</a></td><td id=\"col-asterisk\"></td><td id=\"col-year\">2005</td></tr></table></div></div><div class=\"g-section cit-dgb\"><div style=\"padding:0.3em 0.6em;\"><table style=\"width:100%\"><tr><td></td><td style=\"text-align:right;\">Show:<select onchange=\"citGo('/citations?hl\\x3den\\x26oe\\x3dASCII\\x26user\\x3dHI-I6C0AAAAJ\\x26view_op\\x3dlist_works\\x26pagesize\\x3d100')\"><option selected>20</option><option>100</option></select> <span style=\"font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em;\">1-20</span><a href=\"/citations?hl=en&oe=ASCII&user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&view_op=list_works&cstart=20\" class=\"cit-dark-link\">Next ></a></td></tr></table></div></div></form><div class=\"cit-rci cit-dgb\"></div><div class=\"cit-rco cit-dgb\"></div></div></div><div class=\"g-section\"><div style=\"margin-top: 1em; text-align: center; font-size: 1em;\"><div style=\"margin-bottom: 1em;font-style: italic\">Dates and citation counts are estimated and are determined automatically by a computer program.</div>©2013 Google - <a href=\"/intl/en/scholar/about.html\" class=\"cit-dark-link\" target=\"_top\">About Google Scholar</a> - <a href=\"http://www.google.com/intl/en/about.html\" class=\"cit-dark-link\" target=\"_top\">All About Google</a> - <a href=\"http://www.google.com/support/scholar/bin/request.py?contact_type=general\" class=\"cit-dark-link\" target=\"_top\">Provide feedback</a> - <a href=\"/citations?hl=en&oe=ASCII\" class=\"cit-dark-link\" target=\"_top\">My Citations</a></div></div></div></div></body></html>"
library(XML)
url <- "http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HI-I6C0AAAAJ&hl=en"
html <- htmlTreeParse(url, useInternalNodes=T)
xpathSApply(html, "//title", xmlValue)
[1] "Jeff Leek - Google Scholar Citations"
xpathSApply(html, "//td[@id='col-citedby']", xmlValue)
[1] "Cited by" "397" "259" "237" "172" "138" "125" "122"
[9] "109" "101" "34" "26" "26" "24" "19" "13"
[17] "12" "10" "10" "7" "6"
library(httr); html2 = GET(url)
content2 = content(html2,as="text")
parsedHtml = htmlParse(content2,asText=TRUE)
xpathSApply(parsedHtml, "//title", xmlValue)
[1] "Jeff Leek - Google Scholar Citations"
pg1 = GET("http://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd")
pg1
Response [http://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd]
Status: 401
Content-type:
pg2 = GET("http://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd",
authenticate("user","passwd"))
pg2
Response [http://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd]
Status: 200
Content-type: application/json
{
"authenticated": true,
"user": "user"
}
names(pg2)
[1] "url" "handle" "status_code" "headers" "cookies" "content"
[7] "times" "config"
google = handle("http://google.com")
pg1 = GET(handle=google,path="/")
pg2 = GET(handle=google,path="search")